TEN SIGNS OF OPTIC DISC EDEMA

5 MECHANICAL SIGNS :

1. Blurring of the optic disc margins.
2. Full optic disc cup.
3. Elevated optic disc head (1mm elevation induces 3D of hypermetropia).
4. Nerve fiber layer edema.
5. Retinal folds (Paten's striae) or choroidal folds.

5 VASCULAR SIGNS :

1. Venous congestion.
2. Papillary and peripapillary hemorrhages.
3. Cotton wool spots.
4. Hyperemic optic disc.
5. Hard exudates over disc.