OCULAR TRAUMA TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION

Ocular trauma terminology (proposed by Kuhn and co-workers)

TERM	DEFINITION
Eyewall	Sclera and cornea
Closed globe	Eyewall doesn’t have full thickness wound, may harbor partial thickness laceration.
Open globe	Eyewall has full thickness wound.
Rupture	Full thickness wound caused by blunt object. May or may not be at the impact site.
Laceration	Full thickness wound caused by sharp object occurring at the site of impact.
Penetrating injury	Single, full thickness wound usually caused by sharp object.
Intraocular foreign body injury	Retained foreign body through a single entrance wound.
Perforating injury	Two full thickness wounds of the eyewall caused by a same projectile.
Contusion	Closed globe injury caused by a blunt object. May or may not be at the site of impact.
Lamellar laceration	Closed globe (partial thickness) injury of the eyewall or bulbar conjunctiva caused by a sharp object at the site of impact.
Superficial foreign body	Closed globe injury with  impacted foreign body in the eyewall or conjunctiva not resulting in a full thickness defect in the eyewall.

The Ocular Trauma Classification Group has proposed a standardized system for classification of ocular injuries. It is based on four characteristics: Mechanism of injury, initial visual acuity, pupillary involvement and most posterior location of wound.

OCULAR TRAUMA CLASSIFICATION SCHEME

OPEN GLOBE INJURY	CLOSED GLOBE INJURY
TYPE A.      Rupture B.      Penetrating C.      Intraocular foreign body D.      Perforating E.       Mixed	TYPE A.      Contusion B.      Lamellar laceration C.      Superficial foreign body D.      Mixed
GRADE Visual acuity 1.       >=20/40 2.       20/50 - 20/100 3.       19/100 – 5/200 4.       4/200 – light perception 5.       No light perception	GRADE Visual acuity 1.       >=20/40 2.       20/50 – 20/100 3.       19/100 – 5/200 4.       4/200 – light perception 5.       No light perception
PUPIL Positive - RAPD + in affected eye. Negative- RAPD – in affected eye.	PUPIL Positive - RAPD + in affected eye. Negative – RAPD – in affected eye.
ZONE I. Isolated to cornea including corneoscleral limbus. II. Corneoscleral limbus to 5mm posterior into the sclera. III. Posterior to the anterior 5mm of sclera.	ZONE I. External (limited to bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and sclera). II. Anterior segment involvement upto pars plicata including posterior lens capsule. III. Posterior segment involvement.